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Accordingly, the benefits of the festival tourism investment were perceived by sponsors and government agencies to reach greater numbers of small businesses who are either contracted for festival service or experience increased revenues from visitor traffic. An opposing view, registered predominantly by regional festival directors, questionedferragamo outlet this past practice. The point of their argument did not call for a reduction in investment in urban festival tourism. Instead, regional festival directors called for a discussion of whether or not the urban investment should continue to the exclusion of investment in festival tourism development in regional communities also seeking the economic and social salvatore ferragamo outletbenefits associated with visitors. The issues of the debate are not new and remain complex as noted in tourism and leisure development conferences of the past three decades (Arnold: UN-INTERCALL Conference and "Disk Force Research/TVaining Programs 1974 (Sapora, 1978; Arnold. 1980). These reports reviewed during research undertaken by the author (Arnold, 2000b Tables 5.1 and 5.2), and research undertaken by the Four Winds Foundation (Arnold. 1997-9), shed light on the real challenge. Specifically, over four decades, rural and regional communities have experienced not only the accumulated loss of economic opportunity, but also the opportunities afforded through sociocultural and political ferragamo shoesexposure to new ideas, technologies and the building of joint venture enterprises to support new industries and export practices. The ensuing dilemma of the dichotomies appears to be revolving now around three broad challenges: the encroaching economic dissolution of salvatore ferragamo shoescommunities unable either to attract or to develop new industries, specially those aligned with changing technologies responsive to the directions of international or global enterprises;